旧托福听力mp3及脚本——《第三十六天》（2002年10月）

对话听写训练1：
# p: \) r  j5 R6 v+ q8 XW:  Excuse me, I’ve been using this old book for a research project and I noticed that a lot of pages are turning brown and becoming brittle.
! s+ q: x9 O1 T/ Y/ ]4 FM:  Yes, unfortunately, that’s a common problem with books made from wood pulp.
8 D! @* m1 p2 f: Q5 Z2 C* U+ y# v! P% h  AW:  I suppose to make paper from wood that you have to add a lot of chemicals and acids to make it turn white.9 D; A% D- |" t0 T/ r- B' V
M:  Exactly and it’s the acid that eventually eats away at the paper.
5 ]! h7 [) ~) i* C2 E" WW:  Oh, that certainly makes sense, but this book’s not even 75 years old and I’ve seen books in museums that are hundreds of years old and they’re in fine condition.5 t: s) f) R+ Z5 S5 w
M:  Well, you see, books have been made from wood pulp only since 1850, before that they were made from materials that were mostly animals’ skins or cloth-baste, no chemicals were added.' I3 H; C0 e' K: _* \& X: A
W:  It’s a shame those older wood pulp books are going to fall apart some day. Is there anything that can be done to preserve them.% y" e/ H3 |8 X0 k/ r% k
M:  En, currently the only way to stop the books from decaying is to remove the binding and treat each page individually to remove the acid.2 b# \! E* i2 n4 z
W:  That doesn’t sound very economical.
7 N- |, y/ Q2 CM:  No, it isn’t. It’s not practical to treat a large number of books with this process, so we only try to rescue the most valuable 1st edition books in our collection./ m3 @7 _! \- }: ?6 ~% p
W:  Well, thanks for the explanation. I’d better get back to my project.* W7 U' t( J* n& A8 f1 E% H
M:  Good luck, and I hope the book holds up long enough for you to finish it.
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对话听写训练2：$ m! e! o4 y  _
M:  OK, as you all know, tomorrow we’ll be going to the museum to see a special exhibit of screemshore carvings. So today, I’d like to take a few minutes to talk about the article on screemshore you read for today’s class. Let me start by asking exactly what is screemshore?  m; f8 q" ]8 Z6 M0 p/ L4 J
W:  Well, basically it’s a kind of artwork that was done by sailors on whaling ships. When there weren’t any whales around, there might not be much for the sailors to do and they often get pretty bored. So to entertain themselves, they started carving stuff from whale bones and whale teeth.
# l3 r! M' C, L- D8 n! w! K$ J/ t! hM:  OK, so basically the term screemshore refers to the artwork that sailors created. Usually out of whale bones and whale teeth. Can you give me an example or something that sailors might have carved.# {0 U4 i% `- x% c) B2 O
W:  Well, for one thing, I remember reading that they carved things that could be used around house, you know, cooking and sowing utensils, that kind of stuff.
2 O+ F9 j7 Y9 k+ h& G; fM:  Good.
* r% j# q* n  U$ G" |, p6 cW:  You know, I noticed from the pictures in the article that some of the carvings have really detailed images on them, like they have some pretty sophiscated pictures of famous people and historical themes and stuff like that. And I was wandering just how they did that.4 {! V& |% G& O
M:  That’s a very good question and it brings us to your assignment for tomorrow. While we’re at the museum, I’d like each of you to take notes on the various technique used in making screemshore. So that we can discuss them when we come back to class.( i, n/ A) \  V9 H/ N
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* l+ E: t/ r8 |' ]; Y演讲听写训练1：
% W0 d" W+ l$ R# t+ y( _A lot of people think that cultural anthropology is just about studying the special and strange aspects of a society, but anthropologists are also interested in the aspects of life that seems so ordinary that the people in the society think they’re not significant. Let me give you an example, I see lots of T-shirts here in class today, but you probably don’t think of them as an important part of your culture, but anthropologists could learn a lot about the culture of the United States just by studying the T shirt. For one thing, T shirts are a mark of how casual clothing has become in America. No one’s quite sure where they came from, but the T shirt first became popular in this country as an under shirt for sailors in the 1940s. Then in the 1950s, it became a sign of rebellion for teenagers to wear this white under shirt by itself, not under anything. By the 1960s and 70s, T shirts have become accepted as part of the uniform of use. You could even say that they came to symbolize that generation’s attitude towards informality and all things, including dress. Another aspect that anthropologists would find interesting is that T shirts are used to express personal opinions. Look around this room, you know who likes watch TV show, who went where on vacation, who belongs to what organizations on campus. All of these aspects of our culture are printed on your T shirts. OK, I want to stop for a minute and ask you to try to write down five different conclusions you could reach about American culture from just the T shirts in this classroom.0 s0 L. N7 Q( x9 h

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演讲听写训练2：
$ z9 H  o- J, _3 V% eFinally there is one more element to business success that we haven’t talked about. I know what you think I’m going to say, luck and you’re partially right. Good entrepreneurs know how to make their own luck and that means being in the right place at the right time with the right product. Let me give you a little example, early in this century, if you were a traveler by train or subway and you happened to get a little thirsty in the station, where would you go for some water? There were no big soda machines at every corner or even drinking fountains, yet there were thousands of thirsty travelers out there, well, what they did was drink water out of a little tin cup that was passed from one thirsty commuter to the next. That’s right, everybody drank out of the same cup, and you can bet it didn’t get washed after every user. Will, that was the right time for the right product and there was a man who had it. His name was Hugh Molar and his product was the disposable paper cup. He came up with it just as the nation was becoming concerned about their health risks associated with the tin cups. Laws were passed outlying the things; reports were published showing just what sort of germs could be passed around from sharing them. Mr. Molar rode that way to become the best known producer of one of the most successful paper products of all time. He originally called his product health cups, but later changed the name, so can anyone guess what that name might be?
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演讲听写训练3：
: D+ h9 Z( `* n1 M$ }A number of insects rely on leaping or jumping as a way of escaping from enemies. Grosshoppers probably have the most remarkable jumping ability of all these insects. If we think of it in human terms, a grosshopper’s high jump is like a human jumping over a five story building. Imagine that a person jumping over a five story building. We are going to take a look at the structure of the grosshopper’s leg to see why it’s able to jump so well, but first I wanna talk about the sensory organ that tells grosshoppers when to jump in the first place. En, OK, a grosshopper has two sensory organs located at the end of its abdomen. Whenever these organs sense a change in air pressure which might be produced by an enemy approaching, and impulses transmitted to the legs, this first impulse deactivates the nerves that control normal working and sets the grasshopper’s jumping muscles into a sort of pre-jumping position. Now at this point, if the sensory organs don’t detect additional air pressure changes, the jumping muscles relax and a grosshopper goes back to its normal walking, but if the organs continue to sense danger, another set of impulses puts the jumping muscles in motion. The distance of the jump is determined by just how many impulses are transmitted in the second set, the more impulses the longer the jump. OK now let’s see why the grosshopper can jump so far. Open your books at the part about the muscular structure of the grasshopper’s leg. I think it’s in chapter 9.