4月16日1 N7 m- B: L% T- o; g0 O
(32) 历史：第26篇（艺术史）---难度级别：$$$  r7 y  D" z6 S) {* P$ a( h5 p8 _
Today we`re going to continue our discussion of morden art and talked about <Charles Csuri>. Charles Csuri has (been a part of) many art movements. He`s (worked in POP) art, (Cubism立体派), and (Conceptual概念的 Art), but (he made) his (mark 特征，标记) as a pioneer (in) computer art.【make sb`s mark as…记住这个搭配】Even long before computers became popular, he (was punching按键 cards and) feeding不断放入，供给(them into the) big (mainframe巨型电脑，中央处理机) computer (at Ohio State俄亥俄州) University. In the beginning he had to work without (monitor显示器), so he was virturally (creating) atr in the dark. He even learned computer (promgramming), so he could (experiment<v.>进行试验) with this new tool.
3 ~4 N8 e% g# I) O% \9 B! c" v8 z+ \3 P' j4 ?5 P, J
Through the computer, Csuri has been enabled to exlpore a new world of <possibilities>. For example, the computer enables him to (sculpt) in three (dimensions 三维). Also, he can looked at the (sculpture) from any angle, and move it around, change the location of the light (source), or he can copy it in different colors.  v) j, _- Z9 ^( C7 A# G

2 ]4 ?2 g5 w  _7 DOver the years, Csuri (received numerous许多 grants拨款) for (various) projects. This money allowed him to train students in computer (graphics计算机制作的图案、符号) and (animation动画片) techniques, and (to) advanced computer as a (medium媒介) for artists. Even though he uses moderrn technology, Csuri still insists in he is creating art. He`s aways told his students to keep the issues of art (in focus), and not get so (caught up in the) technology (that you) forget about the image.) j; b4 b% k6 l/ I7 s0 U% M
- Q- D+ {8 Q! A7 f) R

; R% [. y0 v/ W$ `* c0 q! v: A(33)历史：第27篇（雕刻）---难度级别：$$$半
' R8 i9 `9 x& |8 t# yAnd (as) we enter (this) next (gallery) please turn your attention (to the statue) on your right. It`s a (bust半身像) of seventh President of the United States, Andrew Jackson. It was done by American <sculptor> Hiram Powers. Mr.Powers is particularly sigificant (to our sculpture) collection here (at the Metropolitan) Musem of Art. (His statue entitled) <California> (was) the first work by (an) American artist to become (part of) the collection (at the Met). But back to this piece. When Powers was (modeling做…的模型，塑造) this bust, he (asked) the president, who was 68 years old(at the) time, if he wanted to be made (appear) younger than that. President Jackson replied (that he) didn`t; so as you can see, he`s (shown here with wrinkles皱纹) and lines轮廓 of aging (etched刻) on his face. Consequently, this bust is considered to be one of the most <realistic像真的；现实的> <portrayals<n.>描写，描述> of Andrew Jackson. Powers travelled from his (studio in Italy) to the White House to do the original (study for the) bust. He did the study in clay, but he sculpted the final statue from (fine Italian) marble大理石, as you can see. I should add that the usual practice at the time (was to get) local (artisans工匠，手艺人) to (do) the (actual carving<n.>雕刻（艺术品）of the) marble. Note (that the) President is (draped装饰；披在…上 in a) <Roman> toga(古罗马人民穿的)托加袍. This is because in the nineteenth centry, that (was the customary attire服装，衣着) for representations代表；表现 (of heads of state) and other important figures. Powers (kept) bust in his studio untill Jackson(`s death), when it was sold to the (Democratic民主的) Club in New York City. It was lent to us here at the Met in 1874 and twenty years later became part of our permanent collection. Now, if you`ll step this way, we`ll move on the next piece.: ~; d8 r8 z& R1 R
" F1 |4 q. f% Z3 p: N; k9 Z, |

/ _/ Z6 F& z$ @: q6 w[ 本帖最后由 穗棉布族 于 2008-5-15 14:30 编辑 ]

4月17日
' Z+ K% b6 z* h* p18:46---19:55
/ Q7 w) q1 O" V; ](34) 历史：第13篇（yellow stone park）---难度级别：$$1 i& b! V$ y  t* f
Welcome to Yellowstone National Park. Before we begin our natural walk today, I`d like to give you a short history of our National Park Servise. The national park servise began in late 1800`s. A small group (explorers) have just (completed a month-long explration) of the region (that) is now Yellowstone. They gethered around a <campfire>, and after hours (of) discussion, they decided that they should not (claim<v.>声称拥有) this (land) for themselves. They felt it should be <accessible> to everyone.
3 K5 ^4 p3 A4 g$ m8 l; ]) F$ P+ Y) g" ]; z/ m+ O
So they began a <campaign宣传；活动；战役> to preserve this land for everyone`s (enjoyment). Two years later, in the late nineteenth centruy, an (act法令 of Congress美国国会；代表大会signed签字) by President Ulysses S. Grant (proclaimed宣布，声明) the Yellowston region a public park. It was the first national park in the world. After Yellowstone became a public park, many other areas (of) great (scenic风景优美的 importance were set aside) and in 1916 the National Park Service was established to (manage these) parks.
! H4 s+ f5 V' J' k! f2 D) Z  Z- ^  v! S8 l; \
As a park (ranger公园管理员；森林护林员), I am an employee of the National Park Service. In a national park, park rangers are On duty at all times to answer questions and help visitors in any difficulty. <Nature> (walks), <guided> tours, and campfire talks are (offered) by <specially> (training) stuff members. The park service also protects animals and plants within the parks.$ M0 i. g! ]  m9 R, q
5 ]2 s! Y% t( S1 s$ A% V2 }1 g
" c" X- j8 k: k# p. z' y
20:05—21:10  J) k9 p1 j: o4 l  v
(35) 历史：第14篇（钟表）---难度级别：$$$# o8 o* z2 E% x
I`m sure almost everyone of you looked at your watch (or at a clock) before you came to class today. Watches and clocks (seem as) much (a) part of our lives (as breathing) or (eating). And yet, did you know that wathces and clocks were (scarce稀有的) in the United States until the 1850`s？, }, W0 a4 T0 ]1 [. g

$ a# ~' M4 x6 b1 p/ t$ WIn the late 1700`s, people didn`t know exact time (unless) they (were) near a clock. Those (delightful令人愉快的) clocks in the (squares广场 of) European towns were built for the pulic--- after all, most <citizens> (simply实在) couldn`t afford a personal timepiece钟；表. Well into 1800`s---in European and the United States---the main purpose of a watch, which, by the way (was) often (on a) gold chain链条；项链, was to show others how weathy you are.& D& O: l( q+ Q/ G$ r2 I- X- x
+ {9 X4 [5 m; A  S
The word (“wristwatch手表”) didn`t (even) enter the English language untill nearly 1900`s. by then the rapid pace of <industrialization> in the United States (meant) that measuring time had become (essential必不可少的). How could the factory worker get work on time unless he or she knew exactly what time (it) was? Since <efficiency> was now measured by how fast (a job) was done, everyone was interested in time. And since the industrialization made possible (the) <manufacture> of large quanlities of goods,watches became (fairly相当；简直，几乎) inexpensive. Furthermore, electric lights kept factories going (around) the clock. Being on time had entered language ---and life---of every citizen.0 W5 U% \2 a, p; W7 H: Y
9 c, U, m# H! R# N2 {  U$ P
+ L% ~0 ?$ ^9 w- t  a) E$ C* I
[ 本帖最后由 穗棉布族 于 2008-5-15 14:29 编辑 ]

4月18日& u: v9 s/ W/ v, e4 ~% U2 _- y% k, E
14:05---15:40# O& c5 C8 {# Q$ `
(36) 历史：第15篇（舞蹈）---难度级别：$$$半) h/ K8 I" L; @; U( ~* i
So why did (what id now) called “modern dance” begin in the United States? To begin to answer this question, I`ll need to (backtrack走回头路；放弃或改变主意) a little bit and talk about classical <ballet>.
0 c. d# [& k. ?1 e; f" z- m9 H. Q' N$ \" ^
By the late 1800`s, ballet has lost a lot of (its) popularity. Most of the ballet (dancers who) performed in the United States were (brought over) from Eurpoe. They performed using the (rigid死板的；坚硬的) techniques thathad (been passed) done through the centuries. <Audiences> and dancers in the United States were eager for their own, “contemporary”当代的，现代的 dance form. And, so, around 1900, dancers created one.5 _- l4 E% s$ Y: R- T; P! v

% n. c7 U8 |. O: @  rSo, how was this modern dance so difference from classical ballet? (Well, most notably尤其重要的；引人注意的), it wasn`t carefully (choreographed<v.>编舞). Instead, the dance depended on (improvisation<n.>即兴创作、朗诵、表演) and free, personal expression of the dancers. Music and (scenery剧院布景) were (of) little importance to the “modern” dance---and (lightness轻盈) (of movement) wasn`t important either. In fact, modern dancers made (no attempt) at all to conceal the (effort involved in a) dance step. + [3 b" F) M, X0 x

* l/ c) L' p8 xBut even if improvisation appealed to audiences, many dancer (critics批评家) were less than (enthusiastic热情的，感兴趣的) about the performances. They questioned the <artistic> (integrity(艺术家、专业人员的)诚实) of dancers (who) were not professionally trained and the artistic value of (works that) have no formal structure. Loie Fuller, after performing Fire Dance, was described (as) doing little more than (turning) “round and round like (an eggbeater鸡蛋搅拌器)”. Yet, the free, personal expression (of the) pioneer dancers is (the basis of) the “controlled (of) freedom” modern dance today.7 p1 p& V% k, n2 L7 `! d3 W

0 F; o1 I0 t+ e! A+ G8 ]' M1 X6 K
15：52—17:30+ O8 F5 @( R$ w8 B( [2 u) a: I
(37) 历史：第17篇（comics连环漫画（书） book）---难度级别：$$$$ 后3段好难！
$ M6 D8 k9 N- {8 v  U6 ]/ N2 L6 INow let`s <focus> on comics in 1950`s. Early in the decade sales were (down), so publishers (started) looking for some new angle (to get their readers interested) again. They found what they were looking for was(with) horrible(horror<n.>恐怖（故事）) comics--- stories about (ghosts) and steam (demons恶鬼；魔鬼) that were often (graphically清晰的，生动的；用图表表示地) violent.+ ]: k5 i" O9 G$ X1 M

/ Z$ x. X8 i6 w  Y. Q5 R# RBefore long, most of the major publishers were printing horror comics---but (it all) came (to an) end (a) few years later. You see, there was a <psychologist心理学家> named Frederic Wertham (who claimed) that comic books---the horror books (in) particular---were (a) bad influence on children and turned them into jup?(juvenile 少年的delinquents违法者，行为出格的人（尤指年轻人）). (Wertham even wrote) a book called (Seduction引诱；诱惑力 of the Innocent幼稚的人，无经验者 that showed specific scenes from comics that he thought were a) particularly bad influence on kids.
6 @3 c1 n4 j$ T/ S
- T, W4 G: i$ L+ [* W" L$ V/ w
5 V3 j0 \3 J/ F1 j0 O6 QWertham wasn`t the only one (down) on comic. The United States (Senate上议院；某些大学评论会；理事会 Subcommittee小组委员会on) Juvenile Delinquency also released (a report) very critical (of) comics. The result of (all this fuss<n.>焦虑，操心；过分关怀) was (the) creation of (the Comics Code Authority) in 1955.
. o6 H/ b1 {, G" l* c
8 l5 L  c( j+ C2 }This is a (self-censoring审查) body created by the publishers. Essentially, (for a comic book to be approved) by the code, (it had to be free of the blood and gore凝固的血) that was usually (depicted in) most horror comics, and evil恶行 could never (triumph战胜) (over good). Children had to be shown that (crime) did not pay./ K  h& e5 H  B
$ _4 t5 G5 m% G
Well, if comic sales were bad in 1950, things got even worse in 1955. Many small publishers <actually> (went out of)business. But the industry (rebounded反弹，弹回) by introducing a new (lineup阵容) of superheroes, characters like (Spider-Man) and the (Fantastic) Four. Now I`ve brought with me today some comic books from this (era时代；历史时期) to pass around. They`re from my own personal collection, so please (be extra) careful when (handling触摸，拿；搬动) them.
$ Z3 i! Z# P9 M0 F4 I# E! }' e6 X8 f, _% ^/ }
$ t0 m( W5 n5 _9 K9 Y1 v& G8 B
语音识别9：& J" q7 G. d, J1 N0 J
眼睛、耳朵都不认识的词：7 d! i) X: M5 O4 v' I+ h
Trait 特征，特性
' [* @/ i5 c& N- ~, k4 N! H; jApe 猿，类人猿
, O) {- D* }1 N6 Z' C4 r# B1 S1 dUptight 紧张不安的，忧虑的
7 c6 y+ y# b- L5 QTecture 质地，结构
3 @/ N8 }! V+ x9 j# v8 pMystery 谜，神秘的，难以理解的事情
$ p9 b: @: O3 r; A' |8 CHeredity 遗传$ H" v- x1 |3 a7 E* E
Intermediate 中间的
: A8 I9 i  K" d% {- \- EManipulate <v> 操作，使用，利用- a: x+ M. ^; f5 c" a. h% t& o

7 g0 \; o0 i. t1 j3 f耳朵不认识的词：
' o9 }9 O+ |$ G4 ?/ F5 T9 V. d7 CGenetics 遗传学3 v! h/ g: k+ Y
Carry out 实行
6 v- u7 j% O" xInherit 继承7 {3 N1 z: G; p/ ^$ l
Mate 交配
- d* y& C5 r9 K2 A' L" O
' Q( M" i# g! ?9 p! X: s" d) _7 D拼错的词：# H5 _' Y: v. t
Variety. z, Y# V3 `, C' `$ ?
phenomenon
; b& D$ Z8 e4 S3 p8 s- p
, Z* S9 _2 q' C  }1 l3 j& @7 \. a1 |+ Y. x
[ 本帖最后由 穗棉布族 于 2008-5-12 16:24 编辑 ]

（1）楼主很沉默的选择大基本功值得每个准备考试人和盲目无助的人学习+ \  P, L# |  d9 P1 ^! S/ ?1 m
8 r. t( u* ^3 w5 A, e' Q* u
（2）尤其是楼主说到“现在不考虑做题"赞扬
  l) M# j" X6 B1 Q& D" s2 z! R2 Q' p8 ]7 F  n; s- [2 N
（3）做题只是检查实力而已。希望每个人都能留一个月的时间去做题和反思错误
1 T8 d, H6 f; w
2 _- A. |: c  z3 ]4 B（4）楼主继续坚持！

我是北美6。6考的。我几乎什么题都没开始做，只是在强攻听力。因为新T的听力比重太大了，我想如果听力不好的话，口语和作文的一部分就没办法做，也不知道对不对，反正第一次考全当试验了~~ ( a4 C0 w: P5 P# ^
只是试验费好贵阿！！~

我是北美6。6考的。我几乎什么题都没开始做，只是在强攻听力。因为新T的听力比重太大了，我想如果听力不好的话，口语和作文的一部分就没办法做，也不知道对不对，反正第一次考全当试验了~~ # |. ~/ R- [7 F1 F4 d! Z- V
只是试验费好贵阿！！~

搂主好好加油哦！~

你并不孤独，我也是已经好20多天没见到和我一样大的了，过两天就要回学校论文答辩，开始我也很后悔，为什么选这么个时候复习，在大家都要伤感离别的时候，恨不得多点时间聚聚的时候，我却要想冷血一样，说一句我是备考人，把自己关在家里与世隔绝。唉！不过更是因为这样，我们失去了很多东西，就要更努力，得到更好的成绩！咱们一起加油

引用:

原帖由 素不相适 于 2008-4-22 16:16 发表 7 l! R0 y& f; P: v2 _
你并不孤独，我也是已经好20多天没见到和我一样大的了，过两天就要回学校论文答辩，开始我也很后悔，为什么选这么个时候复习，在大家都要伤感离别的时候，恨不得多点时间聚聚的时候，我却要想冷血一样，说一句我是备 ...

  Z, R2 m, q$ ~" _
- ]# o" Q& d( _/ x  V- ?同考相怜啊~~今天是最后一次回学校找老师面谈，五月中旬答辩，还有一些签三方协议、照毕业照的杂事。打明儿起，我可得好好复习这最后一个月了！
2 P/ o3 G% K, [9 v) o, F: [' x8 |$ Q9 Z* e3 l6 X4 E5 C
4月19日
3 W4 T% V+ N7 ~' o# @1 X8 z$ [* ]15:40---16:593 [/ ?1 i( G% w8 L( {# D
(38) 历史：第21篇（magazines）---难度级别：$$$9 h2 {6 \; [4 k- J+ r
Moving away from newspapers, let`s now focus on magazine. Now, the first magazine was a little (periodical<n.>期刊) called The Review. And it was started in London in 1704. It look (a lot) like the newspaper of the time but, in terms (of its) contact, it was much different. Newspapers were concerned (mainly) with news events, but The Reviews focus on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the (policies政策，方针，策略)of the government. : B4 F, B% p' ?# I
5 F" _, ~4 C9 `" I% Y" ]. u! j
Now in England (at the) time, people could (still be thrown in jail监狱；监禁) for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that was happened to (Daniel Defoe)---he was the (outspoken直言的，坦率的 founder创始人) of The Review评论. Defoe actually wrote the first issue of The Review from (prison)! You see, he has been arrested because (of his writings) that criticized the policies (of the) Church of England, which was headed by the king.
% e7 O$ }: \" P4 K+ ~8 }3 ]4 |- |9 h2 E
After his release, Defoe continued to produce The Review, and magazine started appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week. It didn`t take long for other magazine to start(popping up). In 1709, a magazine called The Tatler began publication发表，公布，出版. This new magazine contained the mixture of news, poetry, (political) analysis, and <philosophical>essays.# ?, B. f6 m8 Y! e8 I+ s

( {7 L8 F" z+ g$ u2 T1 o4 d8 y& `; v1 @
11:40---13：18
! j! v  t7 `$ q. r/ U(39) 历史：第19篇（钱币）---难度级别：$$$/ ^& O# \  J1 E
I was really glad when you club invited me to share my coin collection. (It`s been) my passion强烈的爱好；激情since I collected my first <Lincoln> (cent) in1971; that`s the (current penny with) Abraham Lincoln`s image. Just (a little) history before I (start in) my own collection. Lincoln pennies are made of copper, and they were the first the United States coin to bear具有，带有the (likeness肖像) of a president. It was back in 1909when the country was celebrating the <centennial百年纪念的> of Linclon`s birth in 1809 that the decision was made to (redesign) the (one-cent) piece (in) his honor. Before that, the penny had an American Indian head on it. The new penny was designed by artist Victor David Brenner. This is interesting because he put (his initials<n.>姓名首字母) V.D.B on the (reverse翻边，翻口 of the) coin in its original design. there was a general (uproar骚乱，吵闹，喧嚣) when the initials were discovered and only a limited number of coins were (struck with the) initials on them. Today a penny with (the) initials from the San <Francisco Mint造币厂>… called the 1909 (S.D.V.B) is (worth) of 500 dollars. Now…when I started my coin collection, I began with penny for several reasons…there were a lot of them, several hundred (billion) (have been minted)…and there were a lot of people (collecting) them… (so) I had plenty (of) people (to trade with) and talk to about my collection. Also, it was a coin (I could afford to collect as a) young teenager青少年. In the twenty-five years since then, I have managed (acquire over) three hundred coins, some of them very (rare). I`ll be sharing with you today some of (my rare specimens标本，样本)…including the 1909-SVDB.
& k1 e1 D  P" [7 I% n' E+ L2 n% I# J1 U" x
文本勘误：minited—minted, rarer--rare
1 k& Z% e  @4 {2 w) d1 S$ s
( s+ h0 N) Y' u[ 本帖最后由 穗棉布族 于 2008-5-12 16:30 编辑 ]

签名很牛逼……这样的心态适合听写工作