今天两篇。
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Listen to a part of lecture in the geology class.
' `7 J9 l$ t4 mI am glad you brought up the question over all(of our)" a9 x3 M4 w/ a8 u3 O' s2 `/ H! o
investigations into the makeup of earth’s interior.in fact since this is the topic of your reading assignment for next time.let me spend these last few minutesin(of) class talking about it.there were several important discussions(discoveries) in the early part of this centuryhow(that help)
5 J3 m& T6 P3 J0 L" c2 F5 Vgeologists develop a more accurate picture of the earth’s interior.the first key discovery had to do with science make vives(seismic waves),remember they are the wbression(vibrations) caused by earthquakes.well,sciencists Q# |5 J9 h) p: w% X$ x3 E
Found that they traveled thousands miles through the earth’s interior.this finding enabled 8 r( C, M5 o) |; I- K% F/ S
geologists to study the inerior(inner parts)# }" o& ?; ~/ b5 }4 w, g
of the earth.you see,these studies review(revealed)that thesewebarisson (vibrations)were of twotibes(types),compression or invives(p-waves),and shell (shear)or exvives(s-waves),and reseachers found that (p-waves) travel through both liquids and solids,while (s-waves) travel only through solid matter.
$ a* b ]" J) e% x* Oin 1906,a british geologist discovered that (p-waves) slowed down in a certain death(depth),but kept travelling in deeper.on the other hand, (s-waves) either disppeared or were reflected back.so he concluded that the depth marked the boundry(boundary) between the solid mantle and the liquid core .3years later another boundary was discovered,that bewteen the mantle and the earth craste(crust.there’s still a lot to be learned about the earth.for instance,the geologists know that the core is hard(hot).evidence of this is the moten aloud(molten lava) that flows out the volcanoes.but we are still not sure what the source of the heat is./ y1 [$ w, K2 ^' E1 U, E- f# x
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1 seismic地震的
2 }0 {1 \/ O( D! h0 G: ]2vibration振动, 颤动, 摇动, 摆动 # C9 P, t& S6 y& c/ N; G
3 interior 6 u4 {5 s) h- ]- Y/ C, X
4reveal展现, 显示, 揭示, 暴露 \
# k* _# H6 V1 a E6 f8 V% L) c5 compression浓缩, 压缩, 压榨
# [7 h, S0 M& D& W) [ B9 ?9 q# k* ]6 shear剪, 修剪, 剪切 . X$ X1 e' G' S7 }' G
7 lava
3 k2 m8 C# d4 W7 J; g8 molten熔铸的
% p& j# X3 k0 W! l7 eListen to a talk in the geology class.# c1 j3 X% U# ^/ l+ z, a3 X" ~
Today I want to talk about the earth last major climate(climatic) shift,at the end of the last ice age.but first let’s back of(up)
3 J' V! {& w, \. h o( n" [4 aa moment and review what we learned about (climatic)change in general.first we defined climate as consistent patterns of weather over significant periodsof time.in general changes in climate occur when the energy balance of the earth is disturbed.solar energy at(enter) the earth atmosphere as light,and radiated by the earth surface as heat.land,water and ice,each affect this energy exchange differently,the system is so complex that today(to date)our best computer models are only crude prosmission(approximations), fixicated (and are not sophisticated)enough to test the propobsis(hypotheses)about the course of . X6 L; v, D2 ]
(climatic)change.of course,that doesn’t stop(keep)us from speculating.for instance,volcanic activity is what (one mechanism that)might affect
; D! j8 H1 ^0 |# }8 `% B(climatic)change,when large volcanoes erupt,they just burst (disperse)tons of particals into the upper atmosphere where the particals then reflect light.since less light is entering the system of energy exchange,the result will be a cooling of the earth surface.
1 i Y( h; l Yof course this is just one possible part of the mignificant(mechanism of) globle climate change,in all probability,a completeexploration(explanation)will involve serveral differentmagnificances(mechanisms)operating at the same time2 W7 M7 x" a0 l: V! U
1radiate 放射, 辐射, 传播, 广播 ! M; f, Y9 _8 @6 d! X, W
2 to date到此为止$ L4 w. s/ P( h6 G8 [
3 crude天然的, 未加工的, 粗糙的, 拙劣的, 粗鲁的3 M4 u& D* F3 ?, K% P
4 approximation接近, 走近, [数]近似值
5 Z$ x3 _2 i! x+ L5 a. M& P2 ^5sophisticate久经世故的人, 老油条, 精于...之道的人 2 r* Y0 U H( _/ d: w( x8 D& A
6hypotheses 臆测, 假定6 m1 X1 g5 V$ k. \ y
7 mechanism机械装置, 机构, 机制 " [0 J# ^1 p9 [& b
8 disperse+ p5 S! R, C; I* P! U+ F, M: q/ U
(使)分散, (使)散开, 疏散
+ S$ `7 X) N. P! x8 E0 A9 explanation