一、是非问题分析论证句式

1. Whereas other societies look to the past for guidance, we cast our nets forward（面向未来）

2. It is the belief in a brighter future that gives us optimism.

3.Even these days, when not all progress seems positive (nuclear weapons,air pollution, unemployment, etc.), the belief remains that for everyproblem there is a rational solution.

4. The job of the parents is to give the children every opportunity while they are growing up and then get out of their way.

5. What deference people in authority do command is based on their actual powers rather than on their age, wisdom, or dignity.

6. In a society that changes as fast as ours, experience simply does not have the value that it does in traditional societies.

7.It has taken a long time to convince the public that free enterprisedoes not mean that a company should be free to pollute the air, foulthe rivers, and destroy the forests.

8. The assembly line reduced workers to cogs of machinery and made their jobs unutterably boring, but it produced goods fast.

9.Food is prepackaged and shopping is impersonal, but the efficiency ofthe operation produces lower prices and less shopping time.
11. InAmerica, there are no such expressions such as in china where “the fatpig gets slaughtered,” or in Japan, where “the nail that sticks outgets hammered down.”

12. This freedom from the group hasenabled the American to become “Economic Man”—one directed almostpurely by profit motive, mobile and unencumbered（不受阻碍的）by family orcommunity obligations.

13. Equipped with the money, one canacquire the taste, style, and ideas that mark each class and launch aquick ascent of the social ladder.

14. Actually, persons instatus societies who are secure in their niches （适当的位置）are allowed moreeccentricity than Americans, who rely heavily on signals that otherpeople like them.

15. When half the population goes to college,one cannot expect the colleges to maintain the same standards as incountries where only the elite attend.

16. Just as not everyJapanese is hardworking and deferential to superiors （长者、上司）, not everyChinese is devoted to family, not every American is ambitious orpatriotic – or even unsophisticated.

17. No one could seriouslythink that anyone who grows up poor, lives in a bad neighborhood, andattends an inferior school has an opportunity equal to that of someonemore favored.

18. Americans may not have achieved equality, but at least they aspire to it, which is more than many other nations can claim.

19.In many countries, when jobs become available for young people indistant cities, when television begins to dominate home life, whenready – made foods appear in the markets, the culture appears more“American” – although the resemblance could be entirely superficial.
21.When the demand for something is greater than its supply, producers andsuppliers will sense the possibility of making a profit – the excess ofrevenues over expenses is the profit.

22. As the caseillustrates, competition takes four general forms: pure competition,monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly（少数制造商对市场的控制）.

23.The classic example of pure competition occurs with a commodity, likewheat or corn, that has so many producers that no one of them cancontrol its selling price.

24. A monopoly occurs when onecompany alone offers a particular food or service and thereforecontrols the market and price for it.

25. Private restaurantsserve gourmet food for $70 per person; incentives boosted agriculturalproduction 25 percent and industrial output 80 percent in just threeyears; farmers are encouraged to raise as much as they can on their ownplots, and some become almost rich in the process.（注意本句中分号的使用）

26.All these changes in China’s economic life have brought changes inChina’s social and cultural life as well, many of which unwanted.
27. If productivity measures the efficiency of an economy, a measureof what an economic system produces is its gross national product(GNP), which is the current market value of all final goods andservices that a nation produces within a particular period.

28.Current wisdom says that （当前流行的看法认为）if you want a successful product,you need first to perform detailed market analysis, making sure thatthere are plenty of people who need the new product and that your entryinto the market will be able to gain a significant share of that market.

29.Started at the turn of the century, 3M ( a giant American company) hasbeen growing at a healthy rate of about 10 percent a year and it boastsof having 45,000 products on the market.
31. The extent to which thebroadcast media should be censored for offensive language and behaviorinvolves a conflict between our right as individuals to freely expressourselves and the duty of government to protect its citizenry frompotential harm.

32. Although we may not have conclusivescientific evidence of a cause – effect relationship, ample anecdotalevidence establishes a significant correlation.

33. Moreover,both common sense and our experiences with children inform us thatpeople tend to mimic the language and behavior they are exposed to.

34.Those who advocate unbridled individual expression might point out thatthe right of free speech is intrinsic to a democracy and necessary toits survival.

35. In sum, it is in our best interest as asociety for the government to censor broadcast media for obscene andoffensive language and behavior.

36. While individuals haveprimary responsibility for learning new skills and finding work, bothindustry and government have some obligation to provide them with themeans of doing so.

37. The suggested reason for buying the car is obvious: it is the intelligent choice.（注意冒号的使用）

38. In conclusion, I agree that appeals to emotion are more powerful tools than arguments and reasoning for promoting products.

39.Advertising is obviously the most influential art form in this century;it is, therefore, tempting to think that it is the most important.
41.Requiring businesses to provide complete product information tocustomers promotes various consumer interests, but at the same timeimposes burdens on businesses, government, and taxpayer.

42.While I doubt that buildings determine our character or basicpersonality traits, I argue that they can greatly influence ourattitudes, moods, and even life styles.

43. Numerouspsychological studies show that different colors influence behavior,attitudes, and emotions in distinctly different ways.

44. Womendiffer fundamentally from men in childbearing ability; related to thisability is the maternal instinct – a desire to nurture – that is farstronger for women than for men, generally speaking.

45. In consumer – driven industries, innovation, product differentiation, and creativity are crucial to lasting success.

46.And in technology, when there are no conventional practices or ways ofthinking to begin with, companies that fail to break away from lastyear’s paradigm are soon left behind by the competition.

47. Whether an individual saves too little or borrows too much depends on the purpose and extent of either activity.

48.The evidence suggests that, on balance, people today tend to concernthemselves with only practical matters that are related to their life.

49. Traditionally, saving is viewed as a virtue, while borrowing is considered as a vice.

1. Whereas other societies look to the past for guidance, we cast our nets forward（面向未来）

2. It is the belief in a brighter future that gives us optimism.

3.Even these days, when not all progress seems positive (nuclear weapons,air pollution, unemployment, etc.), the belief remains that for everyproblem there is a rational solution.

4. The job of the parents is to give the children every opportunity while they are growing up and then get out of their way.

5. What deference people in authority do command is based on their actual powers rather than on their age, wisdom, or dignity.

6. In a society that changes as fast as ours, experience simply does not have the value that it does in traditional societies.

7.It has taken a long time to convince the public that free enterprisedoes not mean that a company should be free to pollute the air, foulthe rivers, and destroy the forests.

8. The assembly line reduced workers to cogs of machinery and made their jobs unutterably boring, but it produced goods fast.

9.Food is prepackaged and shopping is impersonal, but the efficiency ofthe operation produces lower prices and less shopping time.

11.In America, there are no such expressions such as in china where “thefat pig gets slaughtered,” or in Japan, where “the nail that sticks outgets hammered down.”

12. This freedom from the group hasenabled the American to become “Economic Man”—one directed almostpurely by profit motive, mobile and unencumbered（不受阻碍的）by family orcommunity obligations.

13. Equipped with the money, one canacquire the taste, style, and ideas that mark each class and launch aquick ascent of the social ladder.

14. Actually, persons instatus societies who are secure in their niches （适当的位置）are allowed moreeccentricity than Americans, who rely heavily on signals that otherpeople like them.

15. When half the population goes to college,one cannot expect the colleges to maintain the same standards as incountries where only the elite attend.

16. Just as not everyJapanese is hardworking and deferential to superiors （长者、上司）, not everyChinese is devoted to family, not every American is ambitious orpatriotic – or even unsophisticated.

17. No one could seriouslythink that anyone who grows up poor, lives in a bad neighborhood, andattends an inferior school has an opportunity equal to that of someonemore favored.

18. Americans may not have achieved equality, but at least they aspire to it, which is more than many other nations can claim.

19.In many countries, when jobs become available for young people indistant cities, when television begins to dominate home life, whenready – made foods appear in the markets, the culture appears more“American” – although the resemblance could be entirely superficial.

21.When the demand for something is greater than its supply, producers andsuppliers will sense the possibility of making a profit – the excess ofrevenues over expenses is the profit.

22. As the caseillustrates, competition takes four general forms: pure competition,monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly（少数制造商对市场的控制）.

23.The classic example of pure competition occurs with a commodity, likewheat or corn, that has so many producers that no one of them cancontrol its selling price.

24. A monopoly occurs when onecompany alone offers a particular food or service and thereforecontrols the market and price for it.

25. Private restaurantsserve gourmet food for $70 per person; incentives boosted agriculturalproduction 25 percent and industrial output 80 percent in just threeyears; farmers are encouraged to raise as much as they can on their ownplots, and some become almost rich in the process.（注意本句中分号的使用）

26.All these changes in China’s economic life have brought changes inChina’s social and cultural life as well, many of which unwanted.

27.If productivity measures the efficiency of an economy, a measure ofwhat an economic system produces is its gross national product (GNP),which is the current market value of all final goods and services thata nation produces within a particular period.
28. Current wisdom says that （当前流行的看法认为）if you want a successfulproduct, you need first to perform detailed market analysis, makingsure that there are plenty of people who need the new product and thatyour entry into the market will be able to gain a significant share ofthat market.

29. Started at the turn of the century, 3M ( agiant American company) has been growing at a healthy rate of about 10percent a year and it boasts of having 45,000 products on the market.

31.The extent to which the broadcast media should be censored foroffensive language and behavior involves a conflict between our rightas individuals to freely express ourselves and the duty of governmentto protect its citizenry from potential harm.

32. Although wemay not have conclusive scientific evidence of a cause – effectrelationship, ample anecdotal evidence establishes a significantcorrelation.

33. Moreover, both common sense and ourexperiences with children inform us that people tend to mimic thelanguage and behavior they are exposed to.

34. Those whoadvocate unbridled individual expression might point out that the rightof free speech is intrinsic to a democracy and necessary to itssurvival.

35. In sum, it is in our best interest as a societyfor the government to censor broadcast media for obscene and offensivelanguage and behavior.

36. While individuals have primaryresponsibility for learning new skills and finding work, both industryand government have some obligation to provide them with the means ofdoing so.

37. The suggested reason for buying the car is obvious: it is the intelligent choice.（注意冒号的使用）

38. In conclusion, I agree that appeals to emotion are more powerful tools than arguments and reasoning for promoting products.

39.Advertising is obviously the most influential art form in this century;it is, therefore, tempting to think that it is the most important.


40. The lesson here is that advertising, in itself, probably will not achieve as great importance as art.

41.Requiring businesses to provide complete product information tocustomers promotes various consumer interests, but at the same timeimposes burdens on businesses, government, and taxpayer.

42.While I doubt that buildings determine our character or basicpersonality traits, I argue that they can greatly influence ourattitudes, moods, and even life styles.

43. Numerouspsychological studies show that different colors influence behavior,attitudes, and emotions in distinctly different ways.

44. Womendiffer fundamentally from men in childbearing ability; related to thisability is the maternal instinct – a desire to nurture – that is farstronger for women than for men, generally speaking.

45. In consumer – driven industries, innovation, product differentiation, and creativity are crucial to lasting success.

46.And in technology, when there are no conventional practices or ways ofthinking to begin with, companies that fail to break away from lastyear’s paradigm are soon left behind by the competition.

47. Whether an individual saves too little or borrows too much depends on the purpose and extent of either activity.

48.The evidence suggests that, on balance, people today tend to concernthemselves with only practical matters that are related to their life.

49. Traditionally, saving is viewed as a virtue, while borrowing is considered as a vice.

50. However, just the opposite may be true under certain circumstances

二、逻辑问题分析论证句式

1. The mere fact that ticket sales in recentyears for screenplay-based movies have exceeded those for book-basedmovies is insufficient evidence to conclude that writing screenplaysnow provides greater financial opportunity for writers.

2. It is possible that fees paid by movie studios for screenplays will decrease in the future relative to those for book rights.

3. The argument fails to rule out the possibility that a writer engage in both types of writing as well as other types.

4. In any event, the advertisement provides no justification for the mutually exclusive choice that it imposes on the writer.

5. The argument simply equates success with movie ticket sales, which is unwarranted.

6. The author assumes that physical capabilities are the only attributes necessary to operate a motor vehicle.

7. Moreover, the author provides no evidence that the realism of color photography is the reason for its predominance.

8. This assumption presents a false dilemma, since the two media are not necessarily mutually exclusive alternatives.

9. Common sense tells us that a photographer can succeed by working in both media.

11.The major problem with the argument is that the stated similaritiesbetween Company A and B are insufficient to support the conclusion thatCompany A will suffer a fate similar to Company B’s.

12.Consequently, the mere fact that Company A holds a large share of thevideo – game hardware and software market does not support the claimthat Company A will also fail.

13. Thus, the author unfairly assumes that highly – rated public television programs are necessarily widely viewed, or popular.

14.While this may be true in some cases, it is equally possible that onlycompanies with products that are already best – sellers can afford thehigher ad rates that popular shows demand.

15. Admittedly, the vice president’s reasoning linking employee benefits with company profits seems reasonable on the surface.

16.One can infer from the survey’s results that a full one – third of therespondents may have viewed the current benefits package unfavorably.

17.Lacking more specific information about how these other employeesresponded, it is impossible to assess the reliability of the survey’sresults or to make an informed recommendation.

18. It is unlikely that the brief one – week periods under comparison are representative of longer time periods.

19.If so, even though 3 percent more accidents occurred after the change,the author’s argument that changing the speed limit increases dangerfor drivers would be seriously weakened.

21. In addition, whileit is true that many voters change their minds several times beforevoting, and that some remain undecided until entering the voting booth,this is not true of everyone.

22. Without knowing the extentand nature of the damage resulting from the bad publicity or the reasonfor the violation, we cannot accept the author’s conclusion.

23. The author’s proposal is inconsistent with the author’s conclusion about the consequences of adopting an ethics code.

24. To begin with, the author fails to consider health threats posed by incinerating trash.

25.The author’s conclusion that switching to incineration would be moresalutary for public health would be seriously undermined.

26. However, this is not necessarily the case.

27. The author’s implicit claim that incinerators are economically advantageous to landfills is poorly supported.

28.Consequently, unless the author can demonstrate that the city willincur expenses that are not covered by the increased revenues fromthese projects, the author’s concern about these issues is unfounded.

29. First of all, while asserting that real incomes are rising, the author provides no evidence to support this assertion.

31.Moreover, the author fails to consider and rule out other factors thatmight account for proportional decreases in spending on food.
32. The author ignores other likely benefits of agricultural technology that affect food pieces only indirectly or not at all.

33. In the first place, a great deal of empirical evidence shows that sequels are often not as profitable as the original movie.

34.However, unless the original cast and production team are involved inmaking the sequel, there is a good chance it will not be financiallysuccessful.

35. Since the difficulties inherent in this processmake it hard to predict whether the result will be a success or afailure, the conclusion that the sequel will be profitable ispresumptuous（武断的）

36. This assumption overlooks other criteriafor determining a bridge’s importance – such as the number of commutersusing the bridge, the role of the bridge in local emergencies anddisasters, and the impact that bridge closure would have on theeconomies of nearby cities.

37. Without such evidence, wecannot accept the author’s conclusion that no government funds shouldbe directed toward maintaining the Styx River bridge.

38. Thefact that the nearby city has a weakening economy does not prove thatthe city will not contribute significantly to tax revenues.

39. Substantiating this assumption requires examining the proper duty of government.

40. Accordingly, this assumption is simply an unproven claim.

41.The author is presenting a false dilemma by imposing an either – orchoice between two courses of action that need not be mutuallyexclusive.

42. It is equally possible that legislators can address both areas of concern concurrently.

43.The argument relies on the assumption that the legislators inquestion（所讨论的）have the opportunity to address urban crime problems.

44. Finally, the author unfairly trivializes the severity of rural crime by simply comparing it with urban crime.

45. It is possible that the sales trend in a particular location is not representative of sales in other regions.

46. However, the author fails to acknowledge and rule out other possible causes of such accidents.

47. A third problem with the argument is that the statistical evidence upon which it relies is too vague to be informative.

48.If the subjects for the study were randomly chosen and represent adiverse cross section of the population of shampoo users, the resultswill be reliable regardless of the number of participants.

49. Experience alone is far from being enough to guarantee minimized processing costs.

50.Given that Olympic Foods does benefit from lowered processing costs dueto its years of experience, the prediction about maximum profits isstill in lake of solid ground.