GRE范文：团队的协同工作

Issue 　　"People work more productively in teams than individually.Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more thanindividual competition does."
　　Sample Essay
　　Teamwork as a whole can naturally produce an overall greaterproductivity through the concept of "synergy", where the total of thewhole is greater than the sum of its individual parts. But the ideathat people work more productively in teams rather than as individualsis going to vary greatly between the types of teams that are organized,the end reward or motivation for both the team and the individuals, aswell as the individuals themselves.
　　Regarding individuals, some people are born with the desire tosucceed, no matter what the situation or task that they are facing.These people may evolve into the classic "Type A" personalities thatwork ferociously because they are driven by an internal fire that saysthey must always be doing something, whether individually or as part ofa team. Other people may desire to be less socially involved or arevery highly competitive with other people. For these people, their workis most productive as individuals, because the very idea of cooperatingwith other people limits their effectiveness and efficiency becausethey simply do not want to be a part of the team. Whether this mindsetis innate or developed over time does not matter, it is merely thestate of their being and neither motivation nor rewards can generateinside them the desire to work collectively as a team.
　　Some people are highly motivated by social interaction and thedesire to work with others towards a collective effort. Obviously theseindividuals are at their most productive when working as part of ateam. Organizational behavioral studies have shown that Asian culturesare much more likely to develop this type of collective behavior asopposed to the more individualistic behavior associated with Westerncultures. It could naturally be assumed then that there may be culturalvalues that can determine whether people are at their most productiveindividually or as part of a team.
　　Another variable is the end reward that is involved with the taskat hand. Will the rewards be greater if the team works together towardsa common goal, or are the rewards more geared toward individualperformance? To the extent that the individual is motivated by the endreward, obviously his or her performance inside of a team may be moreor less productive with respect to the entire team, depending on howthe performance is rewarded. Individual goals may interfere with thegroup performance. Synergies may not be achieved because theindividuals are not working towards a whole "sum" but rather towards anindividual reward. Productivity thus will vary for each person as ateam member or as an individual depending on the degree to which thatperson is motivated by an individual or overall team reward.
　　Finally, the degree of productivity of a person will depend uponthe type of team that is organized. Is the group composed of equallycontributing individuals? Does the group have an outstanding leaderthat can motivate both the individuals and the team as a whole? From apure productivity standpoint, the presence or absence of a charismaticand exceptional leader can make all the difference whether a personwould be more productive as a part of a team or as an individual.Personality types that work well together can prove to be much moreproductive as part of a team than as individuals, and vice versa.
　　Fundamentally, measures of productivity depend greatly on theindividuals themselves. The dilemma facing leaders in all areas of lifeis how to best assess these individuals to determine how to bestharness their capabilities to reach their ultimate productivecapabilities. Whether a person is more productive alone or whileworking in concert with others is one of the great challenges thatleaders and managers must face to accomplish tasks effectively andefficiently.
　　观点陈述型作文/[题目]
　　"当人们以团队的形式工作时，要比以孤军奋战的形式来得更加富有成效。团队的协同工作需要相互合作，它比个人竞争更能激励人们。"
　　[范文正文]
　　总体而言，团队的协同工作自然能通过"增效作用"（Synergy）这一理念而带来更高程度的整体生产效率，因为在这里，整体大于个体相加之总和。然则，"当人们以团队的形式工作时，要比以孤军奋战的形式来得更加富有成效"这一观念注定会产生巨大差异，取决于所组织起来的团队的类别，团队与个人所能获得的终极回报或激励，以及个人本身。
　　关于个人，有些人天生就具有获取成功的欲望，无论他们所面临的情形或任务是什么。这些人会演变为工作狂这一经典的"A类"人格，因为受到一股内心的热火所驱使，这股热火时刻告诉他们必须不停地"有所事事"，无论是作为个人抑或是作为团队的一分子。另一些人则可能希望不必那么多地介入社会，或者他们倾向于与其他人激烈竞争。对这些人而言，作为个人，他们工作起来会最富有成效，因为由于他们根本就不想成为任何团队的一部分，与他人合作便会限制他们的效率。这一思想倾向是否与生俱有，还是随着时间的推移而形成，这都无关紧要。这仅仅只是他们的一种生存状态，无论是动机还是回报，都无法在其内心深处激发起作为一个团队集体工作的欲望。
　　有些人，由于社会互动以及与他人协作去实现某种集体努力的欲望，而具有极强的动机。显然，这些个人在作为团队的一部分进行工作时，他们便会处在其最富有成效的状态。组织行为学研究表明，亚洲文化更有可能形成此类集体性行为，与那种常和西方文化联系在一起的较为个人主义的行为构成对比。这样，人们自然会认为，某些文化价值观可以决定人们是否作为个人还是作为团队的一部分工作起来最富有成效。