好认真呀~标注的好仔细！加油~~~！

加油，精神让人佩服。榜样。

6月24日 第二篇
- q! R5 |" C/ a  w分类下 history 19- A5 y( _9 V! I& P7 Y* }, a8 L
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Questions 39-42 Listen to this talk being given on a college campus6 j  T( N% }# l# i* C0 L+ d
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I was really glad when your (collect) club invited me to share my coin collection. It’s been my passion since I collected my first Lincoln cent in 1971. That’s the current penny with Abraham Lincoln’s image. Just a little history before I start in on my own collection. Lincoln pennies are made of copper铜 and they were the first United States coin to bear the (lucnic) likeness of a Present. (If we) It was back in 1909 when the country was celebrating the centennial of Lincoln’s birth in 1809 that the decision was made to redesign one cent piece in his honor. Before that, the penny had an American Indian head on it. The new penny was designed by artist Victor David Brenner. This is interesting because he put his initials VDB on the reverse of the coin in (the) its original design. (Evers of) There was a general uproar喧闹 (were) when the initials were discovered and only a limited number of coins were struck with the initials on them. Today, a penny (was) with initials from the San Francisco mint called 1909 (as) S VDB is worth over 500 dollars. Now, when I started my coin collection, I begin with the penny for several reasons. There were a lot of them (several hundred billion (of) have been minted) and there were a lot of people collecting them. So I had plenty of people to (treat) trade with (a talkative) and talk to about my collection. Also, it was a coin (that) I could afford to collect (for the) as a young teenager. In (a 200) the 25 years (cents bend) since then, I have managed to acquire over 300 coins. Some of them (is where) very rare. I’ll be sharing with you today some of my rarer specimens including the 1909 S VDB.

今日共三篇, V0 g7 ^+ N6 q/ I
Question 47-50, I3 F# x8 H; g. s1 y' F0 O
Listen to a talk given by a tour guide in a museum.7 o: P, K: n/ z
Before we begin our tour, I'd like to give you some background information on the painter Grant Wood, we'll be seeing much of his work today.5 o: C: B! L% `9 q; Q9 T8 y' Z
Wood was born in 1881 in Iowa 爱荷华州 farm country, and become interested in are very early in life. Although he studied art in both Minneapolis 明尼阿波利斯(美国城市) and at the Art Institute of the Chicago, the strongest influences on his art were European. His spent time in both Germany and France, and study there helped shape his own stylized form of realism.
& k! l, V0 S8 o  ?When he returned to Iowa 爱荷华州, Wood applied the stylistic realism he had learned in Europe to the rural life he saw around him, and that he remembered from his childhood around the turn of the century.
7 T- O- g7 B4 y  J! |His portraits of farm family imitate the static formalism 形式of the photographs of early settlers posed in front of their homes." Q3 y, n% X7 g- w% ^1 I
His paintings of farmers at work and their tools and animals, demonstrate a serious respect for the life of the Midwestern United States. By the 1830's, Wood was a leading figure of the school of art called American regionalism. 9 M6 U) v. j1 k9 Z8 Z1 {
In an effort to sustain of a strong Midwestern artistic movement, Wood established an institute of Midwestern art in his home state. Although the institute failed, the paintings you are about to see preserve Wood’s version of pioneer farmers.
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: ]1 g8 r$ X" ~. jQuestion 38-41+ c; ^( }$ t7 h$ R& z" f
Listen to a talk given in a university class.1 [% Z! N8 B5 {4 S/ n- u
In today's class we'll be examining some nineteenth-century pattern books they were used for building houses. I think it’s fair to say that these pattern books were the most important influence on the design of the North American houses during the 19th century.
9 Q7 l, N2 b8 U0 qThis was because most of the people who wanted to build a house couldn't afford to hire an architect. Instead they bought a pattern book--picked out a plan and took it to the builder. The difference in cost was substantial. In 1870 for example, hiring an architect would cost about 100 dollars, at the same time a pattern book written by an architect cost only 5 dollars. At that price, it's easy to see why pattern books were so popular. Some are back in print again today and of course they cost a lot more than they did 100 years ago, but they are an invaluable resource for historians and also for people who restore old houses. I have a modern reprint here that I’ll be passing around the room in a moment so that everyone can have a look.
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) w( d; L% }1 y2 Q! X" W1 C+ V; `6 CQuestion 42-458 I$ b& M% I9 D" g; S3 p
Listen to part of history lecture.6 ^( `& \& i# U( \  F. G
Last week, we talked about Anne Bradstreet and the role of women in the Puritan清教徒6 U4 o! r2 `. m- |4 K4 k" A
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Today I want to talk about some other woman who’ve contributed to American history, some famous, some no-so-famous. The first woman I’d like to talk about is Molly Pitcher. Those of you who are familiar with the name may know her as a hero of the American Revolution, but in face there never was a woman named Molly Pitcher. Her real name was actually Mary Ludwig Hays. She got the nickname Molly Pitcher for her acts of bravery during the Revolutionary war.
# d) J$ o3 J5 g; H7 {At the story goes, when Mary's or Molly's husband John Hays, enlisted in the artillery, Mary followed like many other wives did. She helped out doing washing and cooking for the soldiers. She was known to be a pretty unusual woman, she smoke a pipe 烟斗 and chewed tobacco. " q; s: [" m! v9 F1 Z9 {' E" I
Anyway, in the summer of 1778, at the battle of Monmouth, it was a blistering酷热的hot day, maybe over 100 degrees, and 50 soldiers died of thirst during the battle, Molly wasn’t content to stay at a camp, instead she run through gunshots and cannon fire carrying water in pitchers from
" r4 k, i( x+ I9 |* R1 ia small stream out to the thirsty American soldiers" D, O, s% w1 {5 y' ^! }7 @) X
The relief that she brought with her pitchers of water give her the legendary nickname, Molly Pitcher. The story also says that she continued to load and fire her husband’s cannon after he was wounded. They say she was so well liked by other soldiers that they call her Sergeant警官, 军士Molly. In fact, legend has it that George Washington himself gave her the special military title.

今天第一篇% P0 M* @  Q8 l5 W) q5 f0 x
Questions 47-50
) H" `. V1 q: aListen to a talk given a beginning of natural walk in a national park.; L& e- q3 l2 h2 B1 T% K
Welcome to Yellowstone National Park, before we begin our nature walk today, I'd like to give you a short history of our National Park Service. The National Park Service began at late 1800's. A small group explorer had just completed a month-long exploration of the region that is now Yellow Stone. They gathered around the campfire, and after hours of discussion, they decide that they should not claim this land for themselves. They felt it should be accessible to everyone.. L$ N( Q9 Z  J3 o7 w+ \
So they began a campaign to preserve this land for everyone's enjoyment. Tow years later, in the late 19th century, an act of Congress signed by President Ulysses S. Grant proclaimed the Yellow Stone region a public park. It was the first national park in the world. After Yellow Stone became public park, many other areas of great scenic舞台的, 布景的importance were set aside and in 1916, the National Park Service was established to manage these parks. 1 i5 O+ m1 G: y* x  ]5 m; ?8 G$ `' K
As a park ranger护林员, I am an employee of the National Park Service. In a national park, park rangers are all on duty at all times to answer questions and help visitors in any difficulty. Nature walks, guided tours, and campfire talks are offered by specially training staff members. The park service also protects the animals and plants within the parks.

Question 39-425 j. s7 C& j* \' e' M. F/ t
Listen to a talk given by a history professor.
3 y+ t5 p' S! zI am sure almost every one of you looked at your watch or at a clock before you came to class today. Watches and clocks seem as much a part of our life as breathing or eating. And yet, did you know that watches and clocks were scarce缺乏的, 不足的
* L8 l& c5 |' W. s2 vin the United States until the 1850's?
1 o: B6 m# e6 E5 J7 JIn the late 1700’s, people didn’t know the exact time unless they were near a clock. Those delightful clocks in the squares of European Towns were built for the public.After all, most of citizens simply couldn't afford a personal timepiece时钟, 座钟. Well into the 1800’s in European and the United States the main purpose of a watch, which, by the way, was often on a gold chain, was to show others how wealthy you were.
( O* b6 |1 q. @3 s5 W2 ~/ fThe words wristwatch手表 didn't even enter the English language until nearly 1900.By then, the rapid pace of industrialization in the United States meant that measuring time had become essential. How could factory workers get to work on time, unless he or she knew exactly what time it was. Since efficiency was now measured by how fast a job was done, everyone was interested in time. And since industrialization made possible the manufacture of large quantities goods, watches became fairly inexpensive. Furthermore, electric lights kept factories going around the clock. Being on time had entered the language and life of every citizen.2 O; \) v, b! g( E9 ]

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4 p) C: b* v8 X[ 本帖最后由 xindi888 于 2008-6-25 22:06 编辑 ]

6.22惨败后，一直沉浸在“四大皆空”中，，迷茫...失落......看到大家的坚持与努力后~~感觉自己似乎没有理由继续颓废~~心中的无数个疑问，好像也在此刻找到了应有的答案~~~

6月25日 第一篇$ F- F+ Q! l' X( E! A7 X. y
分类下 history 20
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Questions 47-50 Listen to a talk in a class about the United States’ history
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+ @9 G( A  A2 i% f- S(What’s) One of the most popular (miss) myths about the United States in the 19 century was that of the free and simple life of the farmer. It was said that farms (were tart and on-line) worked hard on their own land to produce (what everyday) whatever their families needed. They might sometimes trade with neighbors; but in general, they could get along just fine by relying on themselves not on commercial ties with others.
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This is how Tomas Jefferson idealized the farmer at the beginning of the 19 century. And at that time, this may (in) have been close to the truth-especially on the frontier边疆. But (at the end of) by mid-century, sweeping changes in agriculture were well on the way as farmers began to specialize in the raising of crops such as cotton, or corn or wheat.
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By late in the century, revolutionary advances in farm machinery had vastly increased production of the specialized crops. And (its) the extensive network railroads had linked farmers throughout the country to markets in the east and even overseas. By raising and selling specialized crops, farmers could afford more and finer good and achieve a much higher standard of living (by the add products) but at a price.
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# D' p7 M3 e  Q! `Now, farmers were no longer dependent just on the weather and their own efforts. Their lives were increasingly controlled by banks which had power to grant or deny loans for new machinery, and by the railroads which (sells the raise) set the rates for shipping their crops to market. As businessmen, farmers now had to worry about national economic (to pressions) depressions and the influence of the world supply (, the mind,) and demand on, for example, the price of wheat in Kansas堪萨斯.
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0 W8 r3 ~# l9 Q& wAnd so, by the end of the 19 century, the era of Jefferson’s independent farmer had come to a close.

6月26日 第一篇
1 i  n7 w" D( X0 p# D3 b! ~分类下 history 21
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Questions 42-46 Listen to a talk in mask indications class9 B+ ?* P+ K" p, D" g2 o5 j
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' M' s: x9 G! Y(Movie) Moving away from newspapers, (lies no) let’s now focus on magazines. Now, the first magazine was a little (purious article) periodical期刊 called The Review and it was started in London in 1704. It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time, but in terms of its content it was much different. Newspapers were concerned mainly with the news events, but The Review focused on important domestic国内的 issues of the day as well as the policies of the government.
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Now, in England (of) at that time, people could still be (threw) thrown in (chill) jail for publishing articles that were critical of the King. And that’s what happened to Denial Defoe-he was the (osponken) outspoken直言的7 m" {' {2 l$ R; w
founder of The Review. Defoe actually wrote the first issue of The Review from (the person) prison. You see, he had been arrested because his writings that (critically said) criticized the policies of the church of England, which was headed by the King., D7 b& I. C6 w  k6 {+ J
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After (he was released) his release, Defoe continued to produce The Review and the magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule about 3 times a week. It didn’t take long for other magazines to start (puping) popping up出现. In 1709, a magazine called the Tatler began publication. (These) This new magazine (contend) contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis and philosophical哲学的 essays.

今日第一篇
* q$ j1 I; Q! x, y" }) v! J) ^Question 47-50
: A, m8 T) y% ~2 pListen to a lecture given in a dance scenery class.
1 H9 e/ Q9 w0 A3 V0 M+ n; ]So, why did what is now called modern dance, begin in the United States?" v' y& M) Z2 i; i0 N# H  V  b
To begin to answer this question, I’ll need to backtrack a little bit and talk about classical ballet. By the late 1800's, ballet had lost a lot of its popularity. Most of ballet dancer who performed in the United states were brought over 使相信, 说服from European. They perform using rigid techniques that had been passed down through the centuries. Audience and dancer in the United States were eager for their own contemporary dance form. So around 1900, dancers created one.
! L1 |  o  J% m. C# M  ESo how what's this modern dance so different from classical ballet? Well, most notably, it wasn't carefully choreographed 设计舞蹈动作, instead the dancer depended on the improvisation 即席创作 and free personal expression of the dancers. Music and scenery 风景, 景色were of little importance to the modern dance, and lightness of movement wasn't important either. In fact, modern dancers made no attempt at all to conceal 隐藏, 隐蔽, 隐瞒the effort involved in a dance step.
) w) E, H8 ^" Y, l% V% O# ZBut even if improvisation appealed to audiences, many dance critics were less than enthusiastic about performances. They questioned the artistic integrity of dancers who were not professionally trained and the artistic value of works that had no formal structure. Loie fuller, after performing fire dance, was described as doing little more than turning “round and round like an eggbeater.
0 ]1 K% I& ^% O) Q. p  {Yet, the free, personal expression of the pioneer dancers, it's the basis of the controlled freedom of modern dance today.