14个敏感专业
1. CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS: 0 D9 l' {% q" e- I/ y9 G
$ @) S! k& K8 wTechnologies associated with
; f& E' I2 N6 t5 H, U warhead and other large caliber projectiles, reactive armor and
* t. O. {1 g; m. @ W p warhead defeat systems, fusing, and arming systems.
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: l* z" w# n6 m" n) z, L; \* W2. NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY: - N' @# z6 j' S7 ?+ t
8 ]9 N+ u3 |4 n! XThis section covers technologies
3 O* z. R' }! X- x {( s associated with the production and use of nuclear material for both
4 i& r7 |2 b4 Q5 k" n% p+ G peaceful and military applications. Included are technologies for : P; V1 F2 D& N8 i% _
enrichment of fissile material, for reprocessing irradiated nuclear
) `# p3 Z, J2 w- p$ S7 O6 } fuel to recover produced platinum, production of heavy water for
* x7 a. P* o1 Y3 G3 J moderator material, plutonium and tritium handling, as well as
( ^6 F/ B, T0 @, f certain associated technologies related to high energy physics. It ! H& Y, g. b+ w `3 x; q. { f: ^
includes research and poser reactors, breeder and production 2 }3 v0 f+ b* F4 E) a
reactors, fissile or special nuclear materials; uranium enrichment,
$ Z4 m. J, ]0 C+ W. J including gaseous diffusion, centrifuge, aerodynamics, chemical, 9 \0 ]5 T* m9 [7 k- ^
electromagnetic isotopic separation (EMIS) laser, isotopic
2 t J' X& A g, G4 v. J separation (LIS); spent fuel reprocessing, plutonium, mixed oxide 3 w, a/ b0 L( E1 }, i
nuclear research, inertial confinement fusion (ICF), magnetic / c" d8 g1 L9 Q5 @& ]" C
confinement fusion, plasma, nuclear fuel fabrication including
$ Q9 }: U9 B& k/ v' p% Q" K mixed oxide (uranium-plutonium) fuels (MOX), heavy water
( D# j; I6 Y0 v8 C production, tritium production and sue, electromagnetic pulse % {4 t& u& m R: K* n- N) q9 _5 r* M
(EMP); hardening technology.
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3. MISSILE/MISSILE TECHNOLOGY: # ^7 c( e7 d$ N9 o) S
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Technologies associated ' u/ d$ K/ E4 e/ p2 `+ d! O
with air vehicles and unnned [?] missile systems. The technology % N a. @/ g; _. h7 W
needed to develop a satellite launch vehicle is virtually identical to . n7 W4 k2 O: T* i+ d
that needed to build a ballistic missile. Technologies include
& `9 z, r4 V& m; w1 O1 [ rocket systems, ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and , ]- N- |- a7 n7 }/ V
sounding rockets and unmanned air equipment and reentry vehicles.6 {& n9 I8 e4 W/ \7 b- W2 @
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( q) t$ c7 Y5 r6 b" K5 x4. AIRCRAFT AND MISSILE PROPULSION AND VEHICULAR % }# R( X$ p7 y7 _" B1 R% f5 ?
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4 `( }" R0 u- [) l& E% J SYSTEMS: The propulsion technologies included are associated
- P- W! p0 j& s with near-earth super and hypersonic flight propulsion systems for
$ D3 C% O3 b) ^- ~ aircraft and missiles. Many of these technologies are dual use. ' f4 |3 H% L$ H9 I) W' R4 ?+ Y
Technologies include liquid and solid rocket propulsion systems; 1 E& s0 f8 a3 i$ P- I& F
missile propulsion and systems integration; individual rocket states
& P- d; R4 |- F0 h- ~: l or staging/separation mechanism; aerospace thermal and high-
/ t0 o9 h3 ?/ k performance structures; propulsion systems test facilities. , b) f6 u+ Z" f e) K
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! G$ n9 J9 E' Q3 i4 d# e5. NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE CONTROL: 0 Y! U1 F& E z1 r& [% D
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These capabilities ( {+ U2 `7 c& u U4 x2 j6 }
directly determine the delivery accuracy and lethality of both , x5 B9 `" b# E& a
unguided and guided weapons. The long-term costs to design,
' | t+ i& Z0 [! y* N" f4 ?9 V build and apply these technologies have been a limiting proliferation 8 N/ o9 B$ z u7 G: t2 T9 B+ e; b
factor. Technologies include those associated with internal
' j# b& G% n/ N: y- ~& Z2 v navigation systems, tracking and terminal homing devices;
U; z2 `% ]) R: b accelerometers, vehicle and flight control systems.
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2 H: |7 U: G6 T% T2 A* C6. CHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING: 9 j0 ~6 u% W# F6 \: ^1 y' N) ^
* H; F3 M8 p. Z+ A* {0 WOf
4 x* {; _! g1 G5 e& f0 E' A' N specific concern is the ability to develop, produce, and disseminate : j. k2 @! a7 q! d* \# q; _1 P
toxic chemicals, biological and toxin agents. The technologies ; `# A) v5 i( Y- M- Z/ W/ e; A' H% F
that could be applied to produce chemical and biological agents
4 [9 I% w! J5 q$ u' @- i are used widely by civilian research laboratories and industry; 0 ]' Z4 F; w7 B4 G# [/ {7 w2 h
these technologies are relatively common in many countries.
4 z$ b- t9 {% b8 |, D Advanced biotechnology has the potential to support biological 2 } [% [7 I" n9 U2 H
weapons research. Look for technologies associated with
! g, [" u1 o$ M9 t8 C bacteriology (especially pathogenic), mutagens, mycology, . Y8 W4 }2 p, B0 b& J1 V
neurotoxins, reconbiant technology, toxins, venoms, virology,
7 r+ A' @ t/ w3 b0 ^4 D. L precursor chemicals, toxicological research, chemical production equipment.
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2 }* s* i, J2 N7. REMOTE IMAGING AND RECONNAISSANCE: ( ?4 j' N* Q8 v
4 V6 a H( ^! n6 Z6 ^' Z5 \% lRemote sensing 8 ]- d! N7 b O. P, d( ?9 Y
technologies are inherently dual-use; technologies can be used for
4 E- g; ]3 e/ c' g$ f& x/ P civilian imagery projects or for military reconnaissance efforts. % e% v- H4 \& v
Drones and remotely piloted vehicles enhance reconnaissance & Y# y a% q4 x6 Y, A) T
abilities. These are technologies associated with remote sensing & [: k( f M; {
satellites; imagery systems; high resolution cameras and optics;
/ j% Z I* c6 u% R unnned [?] air vehicles; remotely-piloted vehicles, drones.
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5 n1 L' H2 _) s1 w, }* t: t6 S8. ADVANCED COMPUTER/MICROELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY:
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Advance computers and software play a useful (but not necessarily
1 ~8 X. S. t: d. o+ _/ Q5 b3 K q critical) role in the development and deployment of missiles and
/ _, l$ [+ x+ `9 ?/ ~5 c2 `) h missile systems, and in the development and production of nuclear ! E# U. [5 k4 f
weapons. Advance computer capabilities are also used in over-the-
/ y8 a R- P% \ horizon targeting, airborne early warning targeting, electronic * \" c, Y7 i1 ~3 _ W- M
countermeasures (ECM) processors. These technologies are
$ w% [; `& ~* e# ^* F" ~" C associated with supercomputing, hybrid computing; speech
# l6 R' w) X- u3 n' \; G+ q; M processing/recognition systems; neural networks; data fusion;
4 F2 `- K1 `) _# O5 v/ ~. X: T2 i quantum wells, resonant tunneling; superconductivity; advance
, h% n. n) u( u$ s7 G& i optoeletronics, acoustic wave devices, superconducting electron
2 U& u0 E; J8 l2 ]2 ] devices, flash discharge type x-ray systems; frequency
: Z9 e( c2 v+ G4 Q \: ~8 r; O synthesizers; microcomputer compensated crystal oscillators.
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9. MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY:
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, @+ M+ s! `, j* t2 kThe metallic, ceramic, and - O6 J8 r6 o7 L( Y
composite materials are primarily related to structural functions in 7 n, B+ |, X( M& J3 D& p- K
aircraft, spacecraft, missiles, undersea vehicles, and propulsion 2 s4 W- T& Z$ e) j1 S: t+ b0 G, P
devices. Polymers provide seals and sealants for containment of
2 }5 W+ L7 l1 h+ H# K$ W identified fluids and lubricants for various vehicles and devices. 5 N( r v- |3 [$ y) t9 u
Selected specialty materials provide critical capabilities that exploit
. U/ B/ y% ^" n/ Y electromagnetic absorption, magnetic, or superconductivity ( r/ B# P" \9 j6 v
characteristics.. These technologies are associated with advance
- {' V# C2 a( g5 M; M4 r# { metals and alloys; non-composite ceramic materials, ceramic,
$ K/ s1 K( }6 K; `$ Q cermet, organic and carbon materials; polymeric materials; - h/ M7 Q; L# f) P1 V
synthetic fluids; hot isostatic densifications; intermetallic;
/ B1 C% [, ~1 M+ k! q* b$ ]' W organometals; liquid and solid lubricant; magnetic metals and 5 z+ b& F8 d R, k
superconductive conductors. ! J) i4 C: q5 f
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10. INFORMATION SECURITY: % ^* M5 m6 h3 c/ t3 z2 s
. P8 j% M" f: k, K3 S. R/ m# eTechnologies associated with
u) f* s6 M9 Y/ o4 e4 S- x cryptography and cryptographic systems to ensure secrecy for 5 B, {2 _6 M' a
communications, video, data and related software.
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11. LASERS AND DIRECTED ENERGY SYSTEMS
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TECHNOLOGY: Lasers have critical military applications,
' U1 `3 R$ d2 e including incorporation in guided ordnance such as laser guided
+ p m2 h# a/ H+ c7 g8 |; o- c) C bombs and ranging devices. Directed energy technologies are 0 U9 a' G8 o+ T
used to generate electromagnetic radiation or particle beams and , |5 S- U+ d( w" ^5 Y
to project that energy on a specific target. Kinetic energy ! I( W& C2 i+ H; p$ Y
technologies are those used to impart a high velocity to a mass
z( _: D1 |. m; k* S. I* L" [. \ and direct it to a target. Directed energy and kinetic energy % ?* x0 V, e$ \; f
technologies have potential utility in countering missiles and other
7 A( M3 H3 a' i! h1 n applications. Look for technologies associated with atomic vapor
$ K8 m/ Q2 s, q/ j/ ]$ I; o" x* \ laser isotope separation (AVLIS), molecular laser isotope 1 Q, u" f- s; J, \
separation (MLIS); high energy lasers (HEL), low energy lasers $ }( \. b. P m' @4 y4 a
(LEL), semiconductor lasers, free electron lasers , directed energy 4 H8 w+ e) p) E
(DE), kinetic energy (KE) systems, particle beam, beam rider, : o, m3 Y" `: A
electromagnetic guns, optoelectronics, optical tracking, high
- `- ^0 u) e) R( O energy density, high-speed pulse generation, pulsed power,
/ d& z( n% x! a- N4 G hypersonic/hypervelocity, magnetohydronynamics. + p+ U: `/ ~0 k0 }
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12. SENSORS AND SENSOR TECHNOLOGY:
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! \4 p% J! ?5 j! [& BSensors provide T7 P( |) H4 D; Z
real-time information and data; the side with superior sensors has a
- A$ s' R# q5 j# |9 F# w( Y considerable advantage. Marina acoustics is critical in anti-
4 F! u6 Q8 Z9 j' c9 \( X submarine warfare; gravity meters are essential for missile launch
: U n7 P+ R3 k5 ] calibration. Look for technologies associated with marine 8 O1 m5 a* l& u7 q: R; o4 [- C6 O
acoustics, optical sensors, night-visions devices, image
0 F5 y/ P/ Z( [/ ~" P. y intensification devices; gravity meters; high speed photographic 3 h- r7 b8 }) D1 a/ @- M: K
equipment; magnetometers.
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6 Y, J( Q6 H8 i5 K/ x13. MARINE TECHNOLOGY:
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Marine technologies are often
2 d# K3 T [- I associated with submarines and other deep submersible vessels; 7 ]' v e/ n$ c5 `7 R8 c/ T
propulsion systems designed for undersea use and navigation and & Q; B6 w" a3 P. u4 n
quieting systems are associated with reducing detectability and 4 Z1 b$ Y, _. e4 j% @+ e0 f6 L
enhancing operations survivability. Look for technologies
, I2 S. X# ]: F- \ connected with submarines and submersibles, undersea robots, : k% s: w4 L! n" `1 [6 s+ Q
marine propulsion systems; signature recognition; acoustic and $ d: i% n/ Q# {* S
non-acoustic detection; acoustic, ware, radar and magnetic % `; j6 N3 _( ]* }" h' O
signature reduction, magnetohydrodynamics; stirring engines.
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0 i0 p' B, I3 h! D- E( I* y14. ROBOTICS:
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# z5 P# V- B9 a0 V) iTechnologies associated with artificial
U/ v, m- U$ ^: t3 ]3 j) V intelligence, automation, computer-controlled machine tools;
9 a1 |2 e% m- f+ D2 u pattern recognition technologies.
