包袱，累……

扫墓刚刚才回，重听了以前的几篇，今天就此作罢，明天要早起
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[ 本帖最后由 icenot 于 2008-4-5 23:59 编辑 ]

How did you like yesterday's astronomy class? It was interesting. But the point she was trying to make seemed a little far-fetched. Oh, that new theory that ocean water came from comets? Yeah. Do you remember what it was based on? Some recent satellite photos, I think. Apparently, Space satellites recently detected thousands of small comets colliding with earth's outer atmosphere, almost 40,000 per day. Ok, so they're collided with atmosphere. So that's what created the water? It's not that the collision created water. Comets contain water. They're made up mostly of cosmic dust and water. When they collide with the atmosphere, they break up. And the water they contain rains down to earth. Ocean water came from that rain. Oh well, this morning I asked my geology professor about that. He said that most geologists don't accept it. Why not? All very research indicates that most of the water molecules from the comet would've burned up as they fell through the atmosphere. Enough rain couldn't have reached the earth to fill up the ocean. Well, did the geologists have an alternative theory to explain where ocean water came from? Yeah, he said the more traditional view is that the ocean water came from volcanoes. From volcanoes? Right. They say volcanic fumes are mostly steam. And they claimed that it was the volcanic steam that created the oceans, not rain from comets.' J& P6 n  e( _! z
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0 Y4 B8 s+ [7 n+ L7 G+ E/ d! F[ 本帖最后由 icenot 于 2008-4-6 00:02 编辑 ]

Hi, Sarah, what's up? Oh, hi. I just got out of a history class. I had to give a presentation. How did it go? Terribly. I'm sure I made a fool of myself. Why? Weren't you prepared? No, it's not that. I just get so embarrassed and nervous whenever I have to speak in front of a group of people. I stand up and my face gets red and… then I get even more nervous because I know everyone can see me blushing. It is not so bad to blush. But it happens all the time. If the professor asks a question and I know the answer, I'll blush like crazy if he calls on me. Doesn't that ever happen to you? No, not really. Maybe you should try to forget about the people. Look at something else in the room, like the exit sign. I guess I could try that. But I doubt that it'll help. You know we talked about this in psychology class. Blushing, even though it's involuntary, is more or less a learned behavior. What do you mean? Oh, children hardly ever blush at all. And, among adults, supposedly women blush more than men. I wonder why. I don't know. But I'd a friend in high school, Brian Smith. It was really easy to make him blush. He turned red whenever a waitress would ask him for his order. I'm not that bad. Well, I've got to get going for my next class. I'll talk you later.
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# o+ X" }8 n: n[ 本帖最后由 icenot 于 2008-4-6 00:02 编辑 ]

I'm glad to see so many of you here. We've become really alarmed over the health center by the number of students we're seeing, who are experiencing hearing loss. First I want to go over some basics about hearing, then we can take a look at our school environment and see if we can figure out some ways to protect hearing. The leading cause of preventable hearing loss is excessive noise. Too much moderate noise for a long time, or some types of intense noise for even a short time can damage hearing. Loudness is measured in units called decibels. One decibel is the lowest sound that the average person can hear. Sounds up to 80 decibels generally aren't harmful, that's noise like traffic on a busy street. But anything louder than 80 decibels, especially with continuous exposure, may eventually hurt your hearing. Once you're up to around 140 decibels, that's like a jet plane taking off, then you might even feel pain in your ears. And pains are sure sign that your hearing is at risk. Even one exposure to a really loud noise at close range can cause hearing loss. So what you need to do is limit your exposure to harmful levels. If you pass along this handout, we can take a look at the decibel level of some common campus sounds. Notice how loud those horns are that people take to football games. They're really dangerous if blown right behind you. Now, let's try to generate a list of damaging noises.

Continuing our survey of the 19th century, let's take a look now at Harriet Beecher Stowe. Now Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Toms Cabin, a book that details the harshness of plantation life in the south. The book was extremely popular in the United States as well as in other centuries. Ironically though, for the attention given to Uncle Tom's Cabin, it is far from Stowe's best work. She did write one other novel about life in the South. But much of her best work has nothing to do with the South at all. In fact, Stowe's best writing is about village life in the New England states in the 19th century. In recording the customs of the villages she wrote about, Stowe claimed that her purpose was to reflect the images as realistically as possible. She usually succeeded, for her settings were often described actually and in detail. In this sense, she was an important forerunner to the realistic movement that became popular later in the 19th century. She was one of the first writers to use local dialect for her characters when they spoke. And she did this for thirty years before Mark Twain popularized the use of local dialect. It makes sense that Stowe would write about New England life, since she was born in Connecticut. As a young woman there, she worked as a teacher. The teaching job helped lead to her first published work, a geography book for children. Later, when she was married, her writing helped to support her family financially. Throughout her life, she wrote poems, travel books, biographical sketches and children's books as well as novels for adults.

Where did the term Piggy Bank come from? Today the simple Piggy Bank is seen everywhere as the symbol of saving and frugality, for putting away funds for a rainy day, or building a nest egg for life's sudden money needs, such as paying college expenses, buying a home, or financing retirement. But why a pig? Dogs bury bones for a rainy day. Why not a dog shaped bank for coins? Squirrels are well known boarders too and we talk about squirreling away valuables. Why not a bank in the shape of a squirrel? Well nevertheless, for 300 years, children's banks have been imitation pigs with slots in the back. Charles Panati, the author of The Extraordinary Origins of Everyday Things, tells how the symbol came about by coincidence. According to Panati, during the Middle Ages, mined metal was scarce and expensive, therefore was rarely used in the manufacture of household utensils. The type of orange clay, known of pygg, spelt p-y-g-g, was more abundant and economical throughout Western Europe. It was used in making dishes, cups, pots and jars. And so these earthenware items were referred to as pygg. Frugal people saved cash in kitchen pots and jars. Although a pygg jar was not originally shaped like a pig, the name persisted. However by the 18th century, pygg, p-y-g-g jar became pig, p-i-g jar or pig bank. Potters had simply begun to cast the bank in the shape of its common name. In the United States, the popular piggy bank has always been a symbol of saving money.

Hi, Sue. Where have you been? Oh. Hi, Dan. I was just at the library. I have to hand in my biology paper tomorrow. Tomorrow? Oh, no! I thought it wasn't due till Monday. Oh. Don't worry. It is due Monday. But I'm going away for the weekend and won't be back till Monday night. Oh, where are you going? California. We're having a family reunion. It's my grandmother's ninetieth birthday, so all the cousins and aunts and uncles are going. She planned the whole thing herself. Wow. That's great. How many people will be there? Around sixty. My family is big and spread up but we're pretty close. So have you started working on your biology paper? Yeah. I'm doing it on bees and how they're able to recognize whether another bee is related to them. How can they tell? They use their sense of smell. The sweat bees guard their nest this way. If another bee approaches the nest, the guard determines if the new bee is familiar. If it is, it's allowed to enter. Interesting. Can insects do this? Well, the paper wasps can. Each wasp nest has a special combination of plant fibers and so the wasps that live there have a unique smell. Those two are the only kinds I've read about so far. Well, you've still got time. It sounds like that the bees are picky about who comes to their family reunion.

It may seem strange that we're discussing music from a Broadway production in this class, "The Lion King" especially, since it's based on a popular Hollywood movie. I mean music performed for Broadway theater in the heart of New York City surely would seem to be in the western tradition of popular music and not have much in common with the music we've been studying in this course, such as gamelan music of Indonesia, or Zulu chants of South Africa – music that developed outside the western tradition of Europe and America. But in fact, musicians have a long standing tradition of borrowing from one another's cultures. And this production's director intentionally included both western and non‑western music. That way, some of the rhythms, instruments, harmonies typical of non‑western music contrast with and complement popular music more familiar to audiences in North America and Europe, music like rock, jazz or Broadway style show tunes. So I want to spend the rest of this class and most of the next one on the music from the show "The Lion King" as a way of summarizing some of the technical distinctions between typical western music and the non‑western music that we've been studying. Now the African influence on the music is clear, the story takes place in Africa. So the director got a South African composer to write songs with a distinctly African sound. And the songs even include words from African languages. But we'll get back to the African influence later. First let's turn to the music that was written for the shadow puppet scenes in "The Lion King", music based on the Indonesian music used in the shadow puppet theater of that region.

以后这段时间要适当地花一些时间在写作上面，所以一天没这么多时间用来听写跟读了。保质还是保量，考虑再三还是决定重质为先。以后每天听写两篇，把重心放到弥补发现的漏洞上。
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! R) j6 J) }2 c+ A: `1 V6 C9 w加油  继续努力 一定要坚持下去，要对自己负责！