Thank you. It's great to see so many of you interested in this series on survival in outer space. Please excuse the cameras. We are being video taped for the local TV stations. Tonight I'm going to talk about the most basic aspect of survival: the space suit. When most of you imagine an astronaut, that's probably the first thing that comes to mind. right? Well, without space suit it will not be possible for us to survive in the space. For example, outer space is a vacuum. There's no gravity or air pressure. Without protection, a body would explode. What's more, we cook in the sun or freeze in the shade with temperatures ranging from a toasty 300 degrees above to a cool 300 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. The space suit that NASA has developed is truly a marvel. This photo enlarges men there is a life image of actual size space suit worn by astronaut on the last space shuttle mission. This part is the torso. It is made from seven extremely durable layers. This thick insulation protects against temperature extremes and radiation. Next is what they call a bladder of oxygen. That's inflatable sack filled with oxygen  to simulate atmospheric pressure. This blathered presses against the body the same force as the earth atmosphere at sea level. The innermost layers provide liquid cooling and ventilation. Despite all the layers, the suit is flexible allowing free movement so we can work. Another really sophisticated part of the space suit is the helmet. I brought one along to show you. Can I have a volunteer to come and demonstrate?

Good evening. My name is Pan Joans and on behalf of modern dance club, I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program. The club is pleased to present the TV version of the Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharp's rock ballet. This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production. It includes some animations; slow motion and stop action phrases that really help the audiences understand the dance. The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine who died on a Wheel in 307 AD. Nowadays a Catharine wheel is also a kind of fireworks that looks something like a pinwheel. Anyway the dance is certainly full of fireworks. You'll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family's attempt to confront the violence in modern life. The central symbol of the work is a pineapple, but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy. As you watch see if you can figure it out. The music for this piece is full of the rhythmic energy of the rock music. It was composed by David Burn of the rock band Talking Head. And the lead dancer in this version was Sara Radener who is perfectly suited to Tharp's adventurous choreography. Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead the discussion about symbolism Mr. Tharp used. We hope you can stay for that. So enjoy tonight's video and thank you for your support.

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天下大事必做于细。
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先报个到，哈哈……加油加油

Good morning. Housing office. How can I help you? Hi. I'm calling about the new subsidized low-cost housing for graduate students. Are you aware that it's only available to married graduate students and their families? Yes. I think my wife and I may qualify since she's still in graduate school. But I was wondering whether there were any other requirements. Well, unless you have more than one child, you have to have a combined annual income that's less 15,000 dollars. I’m working as a part-time research assistant so that's no problem. But right now we're living with my wife's parents. Does that mean we have to include their income too? Not necessarily. Why don't you stop by our office so I can give you some forms to fill out and explain everything in more detail. That sounds like a good idea. Would tomorrow morning be all right? The afternoon might be better. It can be pretty crazy around here on a Friday morning. All right then. I'll try to make it in the afternoon. Is there anyone special I should ask for?* You can ask for me, Susan Davidson. Or my assistant Bill Brown.

Hey, Jane. What's so interesting? What? Oh, hi, Tom. I'm reading this fascinating article on the societies of the Ice Age during the Pleistocene period. The ice age? There weren't any societies then. Just a bunch of cave people. That’s what people used to think. But a new exhibit of the America museum of natural history showed ice age people were surprisingly advanced.Oh, really? In what ways? Well, ice age people were the inventors of language, art, and music as we know it. And they didn't live in caves, they built their own shelters. What did they use to build them? The cold weather would have killed off most of the trees so they couldn't have used wood. In some of the warmer climate, they did build the houses of wood. In other places, they used animal bones and skins or lived in natural stone shelters. How did they stay warm? Animal skin walls don't sound very sturdy. Well, it says here that in the early Ice Age, they often faced the house towards south to take the advantage of the sun, a primitive sort of solar heating.Hey, that's pretty smart. Then people in the late Ice Age even insulated their homes by putting heated cobble stones on the floor. I guess I spoke too soon. Can I read that magazine article after you're done? I think I'm going to try to impress my anthropology teacher with my amazing knowledge of the Ice Age civilization. What a show off.

Welcome to the Forewinds historical farm where traditions of the past are preserved for visitors like you. Today our master thatchers will begin giving this barn behind me a sturdy thatched roof able to withstand heavy wind and last to 100 years. How do they do it? Well, in a nutshell, thatching involves covering the beams or rafters, the wooden skeleton of the roof, with reeds or straw. Our thatchers here have harvested their own natural materials for the job the bundles of water reeds you see lying over there beside the barn. Thatching is certainly uncommon in the United States today. I guess that's why so many of you have come to see this demonstration. But it wasn't always that way. In the 17th century, the colonists here thatched their roofs with reeds and straw just as they'd done in England. After a while though they began to replace the thatch with wooden shingles because woods were so plentiful. And eventually other roofing materials like stone, slate and clay tiles came into use. It's a real shame that most people today don't realize how strong and long-lasting a thatched roof is. In Ireland where thatching is still practiced, the roof can survive winds up to 110 miles per hour. That's because straw and reeds are so flexible they bend but don't break in the wind like other materials can. Another advantage is that the roofs keep the house cool in the summer and warm in the winter. And then of course there's the roof's longevity. The average is 60 years but they can last up to 100. With all these reasons to start thatching roofs again, wouldn't it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft return to popularity?

A lot of people in the United States are coffee drinkers. Over the last few years, a trend has been developing to introduce premium specially blended coffees known as gourmet coffees into the America market. Boston seems to have been the birthplace of this trend. In fact major gourmet coffee merchants from other cities like Seattle, San Francisco, came to Boston where today they are engaged in a kind of coffee war with Boston's merchants. They are all competing for a significant share of the gourmet coffee market. Surprisingly the competition among these leading gourmet coffee businesses will not hurt any of them. Experts predict that the gourmet coffee market in the United States is growing and will continue to grow to the point that gourmet coffee will soon capture a half of what is now a 1.5 million-dollar market and will be an eight million dollar market by 1999. Studies have shown that coffee drinkers who convert to gourmet coffee seldom go back to the regular brands found in supermarkets. As a result these brands will be the real losers in the gourmet coffee competition.

You may remember that a few weeks ago we discussed the question of what photography is. Is it art or is it a method of reproducing images? Does photograph belong to museum or just in our homes? Today I want to talk about a person who tried to make his professional life an answer to such questions. Alfred Stieglitz went from the United States to Germany to study engineering. While he was there he became interested in photography and began to experiment with his camera. He took pictures under conditions that most photographers considered too difficult. He took them at night, in the rain and of people and objects reflected in windows. When he returned to the United States he continued this revolutionary effort. Stieglitz was the first person to photograph skyscrapers, clouds and views from an airplane. What Stieglitz was trying to do in his photographs was what he tried to do throughout his life make photography an art. He thought that photography could be just as beautiful a form of self-expression as painting or drawing. For Stieglitz, his camera was his brush. While many photographers in the late 1800s and early 1900s thought of their work as a reproduction of identical images, Stieglitz saw his as creative art form. He understood the power of the camera to capture the moment. In fact he never retouched his prints or made copies of them. If you are in this classroom today, I'm sure you'd say: Well, painters don't normally make extra copies of their paintings, do they?

拿演讲第一篇开刀，cow 听得奇烂无比，真的绝望，对这个话题完全不熟悉，很多单词猜都猜不出来，插自己多少刀都不解恨，加油，拿刀用力插自己！